“Why people treat me like that”…?

“He pulled my arm and asked me, Madam, who has invited you? Why you came here? She was shocked and surprised, “I was invited by organizers to attend this consultation…” she said having her plate in her hand when a waiter of renowned local private hotel probed her in a very humiliating tone during lunch time. “But your organizers said that they don’t recognize you…” With tears in her eyes, she said that “talk to them and they will inform you” but this episode left her in deep thought of “why me”..? “Why everytime people treat me like this”…? The matter was taken up with hotel management and at last, they apologized on misbehaving with one of the transgender participants in an extremely important consultation.

Why it is so? Why people treat people who are different from them in a different rather humiliating way?  Why class matters? Why people think from men and women lens? Transgenders are also human beings and have same heart and mind just like any other human being. Their daily plights leave them with deep scars on their souls as they are not accepted by general public. In developed countries, transgenders are employed in many fields where people are treated equally and without any discrimination and stigma but unfortunately, Pakistan is still struggling to make them part of social fabric which only treat high class, elites, with respect and dignity, where corrupt can get away while taking lives of poor people, where respect is determined the kind of clothes and car one drives in. Sometimes, it gives me sleepless nights on the way people treat others because of their social status. Transgender community in Pakistan ends up in sex work or dancing to earn money to meet both ends, because they don’t have the quota in educational institutions, they don’t have a quota in employment, they don’t have passports, they don’t have a quota in parliament, they are not safe and protected. Pakistan is a signatory to Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it when comes to promoting and protecting rights of these marginalized, excluded and vulnerable groups, they are left behind. And leaving them behind means, severe implications on future social prospects, social and economic progress. And on top of it, recent census results, further made them excluded.

Sometimes, I put myself in their position and feel what if I was transgender, how would I have reacted on such behaviors, what if people treat me in a humiliating way? I would have cried on a daily basis, I would have not lived a life of happiness, dignity, and respect. I would have lost all confidence. Why people treat me like this, is the question that every transgender asks on daily basis, so stop insulting them because they are also part of us, part of this society, this community, this globe earth, this universe. Just felt like jotting my thoughts as I was seriously disturbed since yesterday.

 

Sustainable Development & Social Entrepreneurship

Muhammad Yunus, a Nobel Peace Prize recipient once said that

When we want to help the poor, we usually offer them charity. Most often we use charity to avoid recognizing the problem and finding the solution for it. Charity becomes a way to shrug off our responsibility. But charity is no solution to poverty. Charity only perpetuates poverty by taking the initiative away from the poor. Charity allows us to go ahead with our own lives without worrying about the lives of the poor. Charity appeases our consciences.”

Last week, I attended National Event arranged by Hult Prize, Pakistan chapter and was inspired to see young boys and girls from different universities from all over Pakistan participating in it. Now one can ask, what was so different as we mostly see such events held on daily basis. But this was different as those young entrepreneurs were discussing diverse range of ideas to restore dignity of refugees living in Pakistan through reawakening the human potential. While preparing, myself being a judge for evaluating three top starts up, I went through different documents on social entrepreneurship and found that there is a dire need to link such innovative and creative ideas with development sector. This above quote by Muhammad Yunus got engrossed into my mind while thinking of development paradigm. Are we, the development practioners adopting correct framework to end poverty? Now let’s talk about how social entrepreneurship can contribute towards ending poverty and create opportunities for people to gain economically no matter whether project is there or ends due to funding shortage.

Social entrepreneurs drive social innovation, creativity and transformation in various fields including education, health, transport, agriculture, environment and enterprise development. They pursue poverty alleviation goals with entrepreneurial zeal, business methods/ models and the courage to innovate and overcome traditional practices. In another way, thinking out of the box and leaving behind “business as usual”. A social entrepreneur, like a business entrepreneur, builds strong and sustainable organizations, which are either set up as not-for-profits or companies. Social entrepreneurship is about applying practical, innovative and sustainable approaches to benefit society in general, with an emphasis on those who are marginalized and poor rather than giving them funding or donations which proved over a period temporary. For me it is a term that captures a unique approach to economic and social problems, an approach that cuts across sectors and disciplines grounded in certain values and processes that are common to each social entrepreneur, independent of whether his/ her area of focus has been education, health, welfare reform, human rights, workers’ rights, environment, economic development, agriculture, etc., or whether the organizations they set up are non-profit or for-profit entities.

This field is indeed about coming up with business models that blends capitalism with addressing social and economic problems from human rights perspective and at the same time, restore the dignity of people by allowing them availing different economic opportunities, by creating jobs and job placements as well. We have so many examples in Pakistan. Think about models like #Careem that recently opened its branch here, how many people are earning through this crowd sourcing by utilizing their idle parked vehicles? Think about #ChaiKhana, that is a local brand and serving people on daily basis. Pakistan is becoming a country with fastest economic growth and to survive in next 50 years, we must think out of charity and donations paradigms that have created dependency syndrome among marginalized, vulnerable people. Think about #TATA and #AMUL in India and how they changed lives of poor people.

While sitting among judge’s panel, one thing that stuck my mind was also a huge disconnect between development world and social entrepreneurship. There are some work going on but this needs to be scaled up so that more jobs are created equally for men, women & transgender, more social business models can be developed to address problems, being faced by common people ranging it from low literacy rate, poor health, energy, lack of jobs etc.. Believe me, Pakistan has huge untapped potential among its more than 60% youth bulge and if invested strategically and tactfully in them, we can fight social problems as they have minds and young fresh blood. Why not concentrate on a team of young people that bring together the mix of talents, personalities, skills and resources to create innovative and iterative solutions for opportunities for change. By focusing on the ecosystem of social entrepreneurship, long-lasting change can happen far more frequently. Somewhere development gurus must change their modus operandi and foster partnerships with social entrepreneurs to bring  & achieve real change in lives of those whom we are working for. In my opinion social entrepreneurship is needed to find creative and innovative solutions that are viable, can reach a scale proportional to the problem, and put social value creation at the heart of their agenda by bringing in together different minds and people with skills to work together for larger benefit. What we need is proper incubation of these plans to mentor these social entrepreneurs so that they can be proven revolutionary for poor people.

When my #mother undergone #surgery

“Please sign on this consent form before we undertake surgery of your mother”, staff nurse said in a very usual way as if it was absolutely normal for her to get signatures from relatives, immediate family members on daily basis before surgeon can perform surgery.

The moment she handed over these papers, I controlled my tears to roll out from my eyes in front of my mother, who was lying tenuously on stretcher. Read it thrice to absorb each and every word but my internal tumultuous being was not letting me grasp a single word of it. Informed consent, under the bio-ethical principle of autonomy is required prior to any intervention or procedure done on the patient. After reading these, I handed these papers to my brother and then we both signed with excruciating pain deep inside us. It was such a feeling that one cannot explain it in words or on paper.

My mother was diagnosed, having gall stones six years back. She being a rheumatoid Arthritis patient was then petrified to undergo any procedure due to her consternation of recovery as she is 63 and on top of it, is also hypertensive. Before a week of her surgery, we were in incessant contact with her surgeon to comprehend whether it should be open surgery or laparoscopic. After much deliberations and obtaining various opinions, we were left with little choice that it would be better to opt for open surgery since she is hypertensive and her gall stones were larger to get sucked through laparoscopic procedure.

Finally the day arrived and we got our mother admitted in one of the newly built hospital which has professional & cooperative staff beyond exaggeration. Although this hospital was built in 2014 but within small period of time, they were able to carry out successful renal transplantation which are commendable. It was a small clean room with one bed, sofa and center table and LCD on wall. This was well kept room with adjacent washroom as well.

It was Friday, 15:00 hours, two more hours left for surgery to start. I looked outside the window of hospital, dark clouds, heavy rain and everything so moist. The droplets outside the window were blurring the scenery as the day was yawning into the footholds of an evening. The rain drizzled down the window pane in front of me; my breath made a faint fog on the cold glass and I wrote “I love you mama, get well”. Across the view, it was busy commercial area where cars and motorbikes were passing through as if everyone wanted to reach their destination as early as possible.  I could clearly see a rolling bank of misty grey clouds and falling rain. Another rivulet of water trickles past my eye, and I glanced up at the sky. The smoky clouds were beginning to move apart to show small patches of grey sky, yet the rain still is drizzling down; the leafless trees were lifting their bare branches up to catch the droplets moisture; puddles of muddy water were growing on the gravel of our driveway outside hospital, just waiting for time to pass by as quickly as possible but it seems as if clock stopped ticking. This whole scene outside my window seemed grey and depressing to me as I lean my head on the cool glass.   Although I always enjoy rainy season but that day, rain was bit depressing for me. Often at times, we experience storms of varying intensity and turbulence, periods of dark and light, vivid color and drab dullness in the outer world and in the inner world, the transient nature of the thoughts and feelings that can seem to define us are more than weather or outer appearance. Buffeted by high winds, by cold and rain, we endure period of dullness as well as savoring moments of joy and uplift. This is how life is defined for human beings.

I kept on thinking about helplessness of human beings when their near and dear ones are sick or ill and how they feel when they are in such miserable condition to extend help or support and are not able to do anything except to help them but this thinking of sending my mother into operation theater was so traumatic that I gathered lot of courage not to melt myself down in front of her. I kept roaming around the operation theater, thinking this is the place where they will be taking my mother for surgery. I discussed in detail which kind of anesthesia, surgeons will be using because at times, it is not surgery rather anesthesia that matters a lot in saving life during or after surgery. When preparing for surgery, many people think of the anesthesiologist as just the person behind the mask who puts them to sleep and wakes them when it’s over. They may not realize the comprehensive medical care the physician anesthesiologist provides between those two points and beyond. Physician anesthesiologists play a vital role in a patient’s medical care, making decisions to protect and regulate critical life functions. They serve as the patient’s advocate and typically are the first ones to diagnose and treat medical problems or complications that may arise before, during and after surgery. They have a wide range of knowledge about medications and how the human body works and responds to the stress of surgery at all stages of a procedure. Think of physician anesthesiologists as your seat belt during surgery: When there is an emergency or complication, they can save your life. Anesthesiologist usually delivers the anesthesia medications through an intravenous line in patient’s arm.  Once patient asleep, the anesthesiologist inserts a tube into mouth and down the windpipe. The tube ensures that patient get enough oxygen and protects lungs from blood or other fluids, such as stomach fluids. They also adjust medications, breathing, temperature, fluids and blood pressure as needed during the surgery. Any issues that occur during the surgery are corrected with additional medications, fluids and, sometimes, blood transfusions.

Captivated by these procedural thoughts, we heard a knock at our door and staff nurse came into the room as she would like to have my mother blood pressure checked.

“Your blood pressure is 130/80, which is normal for a person who is on steroids”, she said to my mother. I looked into eyes of my mother assuring her that everything will be fine, I pressed her hands and made her feel relax so that she could overcome her apprehensions about surgery.

“Come on, you will be alright… nothing will happen to you and you will again be living with us like a normal person..don’t worry”,

I said it while posing bravely in front of her and then both myself and my brother tried to divert her attention by cracking some jokes and sharing witty events of our lives.

Then medical officer came and also asked some questions regarding prescription medications, previous surgeries, allergies , past experiences with anesthesia etc.

Clock turned 17:30 when doctors and nurses came to take her for surgery

“Your turn please, can you kindly put on these clothes”

(They handed over surgical attire including blue gown and a trouser for her to put on) and I assisted my mother to change these. She handed over me her gold ring and earrings that she was wearing and I put those into my handbag with heavy heart. She hugged both of us and say good bye and it was most traumatic time, full of pain and agony for me rather a chilling one.

“Take care of your sister, do not fight with your younger brother, take care of your wife and children”, she said to my younger brother in a most feeble way. I never heard her voice so shaky. Then she walked through the gates of a room where on top of it, “Operation Theatre” was written in bold capital fonts. In front of that room, there were stairs and we both sat over there just like small kids, waiting for their mother without being aware of their surroundings.

That was a weak moment when both I and my younger broke and wept by hiding our tears from each other.

“I am fine, am not weeping, am fine.. Mama will be fine too. Tell me she will meet us naa? she will come back naa?”

He asked me with his red eyes and for a moment I was unable to answer him, unable to respond his questions and put my hand on his shoulder just to tell him that everything will be fine and started looking outside of windows. It was still raining and evening was hiding itself into darker clouds, turning itself into a night. Same roads, on which I used to drive with my mother sitting next to me, I looked towards sky and wondered whether I will be able to drive with my mother again with me and started praying that may the day will come when we all will be together again. It was still raining outside and clouds were still misty and full of water to hit down the ground.

And I was assuming what would they have done with my mother when they took her inside the operation theater, thinking she would be lying on a bed covered with stiff sheets, hair tucked into a surgical hat. Team of doctors would have been arranging what looked like garden tools on a table. A mask would have put over her face and then it was over and she went into deep sleep after passing anesthesia into her body.

After seventy five minutes, the both doors of operation theater got opened and three to four nurses and medical officers were seen dragging my mother’s stretcher out of the room. She was unconscious but was in severe pain as she was whining and crying constantly. It was so troubling watching her in pain as she was recovering from anesthesia affects. It was so hard to hear and so difficult to comfort her. Doctors were constantly monitoring her pulse rate and saturation level. Patients who have had surgery or diagnostic procedures are monitored closely as the effects of anesthesia wear off. She was found to be bit disoriented while regaining consciousness and the recovery room nursing staff closely monitored to ease her anxiety and ensured her physical and emotional comfort.

A pulse oximeter, a clamp-like device was attached to her finger and used infrared light to measure the oxygen saturation level of the blood, usually used to assess respiratory stability. Her oxygen saturation level was too low at 75 instead of 95%, supplemental oxygen was then administered through a face mask. I became so helpless seeing this because general anesthesia can cause a patient’s core body temperature to drop several degrees, retaining body heat to prevent hypothermia and encourage good circulation is also an important part of recovery room care. But after three to four hours and continuous monitoring, she gradually became stable and regained her consciousness.

When she opened her eyes, we were all around her with smiling faces as if it was a rebirth of our mother, as we got her back from turbulent storm. Doctors and medical officers kept visiting her, keeping an eye on her pulse rate, blood pressure and saturation level. And next day, we gave her soft food and drink so that she can rejuvenate her energies back. After two days, we brought her back and we kept taking care of her every step till she recovered fully.

My memories from the hospital will always stay with me as I can never forget or scratch that pain and agony of sending someone near and dear one into Operation Theater and specially mother. Although it was safe and non-complicated surgery but even then, I was unable to bear the painful time. I am thankful to all those who called and were in constant touch with us during these difficult time.

Mothers are special gift of God and defining their love are neither exhaustive not universal. One may end up filling thousands and thousands of papers explaining how lovely this creature is. My mother is my security blanket. She is always encouraging me to reach my full potential. She supported me and always encouraged me to go after my dreams. She taught me what is right and what is wrong, and what I should do when I make a bad decision. She is always a voice of reason in the back of my head, which helped me get through my bad days and make my good days even better. She is the one who taught me how to be compassionate and loving.  It’s important to have someone like that in your life; it will help you become the best person you can be.

I love you my Mom!

 

 

 

Book Review: 1984 by George Orwell

Entire book is revolving around character of “Winston” which for me is not a human being rather a phenomenon who challenged untruth by truth through joining O’Brien but then later on betrayed by him. Entire plot is around that if one clung to the truth even against the whole world, even then you were not mad. It’s all about obliteration of self that was asked by Big brother. 1984 for me was a sneak peak into futuristic criminal political world. It contains no prophetic declaration, only a simple warning to mankind. Orwell did not believe that 35 years after the publication of his book, the world would be ruled by Big Brother, but he intelligently came up with three super states idea, Europe dissolved by Russia, Britain taken over by America and then China. For me it seems if 1984 is like a doomsday that could happen anytime either now or in 2050 if man did not become aware of the assaults on his personal freedom and did not defend his most precious right, the right to have his own thoughts.

Oceania looks very much like an extended version of NATO, at least in its geography. Eurasia is obviously the Russian zone of influence, and Eastasia the Far East. At the time of the publication of the novel, the North Atlantic alliance was being formed, Russia had entered the arms race and China was still in the grip of civil war, but it was already clear that Mao Tse-Tung would defeat the demoralized armies of the Nationalists.

This book also point out that world order and peace cannot be established if the nations of the world are not willing to solve their conflicts without the use of violence; if the world powers are not willing to abandon their expansionist aims to reduce simultaneously their nuclear arsenal, and reverse the buildup of conventional weapons; if the industrial nations are not willing to transfer some of their technological know-how to underdeveloped countries, if the people and their leaders are not willing to moderate their religious, ethnic, cultural and national fervor for the well-being of the others and the peaceful coexistence of all the peoples of the world.

Did we not hear from pages of history that more and better weapons mean a more secure world peace? China tries desperately to catch up with the other powers as well. The United States places missiles in Europe to respond to the nuclear arsenal in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union countered with an increase in nuclear warheads all over the world. (Did the world of today replace Big Brother’s slogan ”War is Peace” with ”Nuclear Arms is Peace”?) Changing alliances have always been the diplomatic game that nations play around the world, often to facilitate conquest, sometimes to strengthen their defenses. Today, the nations of the world continue that game: friendship with China serves to counter the egomaniac dreams of a former ally.

Now think about contemporary ministries which are governed and exhibit a sort of impudence in their deliberate reversal of the facts, education with illiteracy, planning and development with non-development and ill- planning, foreign policy with zero policy and minister, health with diseases, ministry of finance with so much loans etc etc.

This book ruthlessly emphasized the truth that sane minds are not welcomed and meant to be vaporized as they are considered as bloody stains to be wiped by bigger powers. Amazingly this also highlights three stages of learning, understanding and acceptance to make these under their command control to maneuver and disintegrate. Hunger for Power over people not things, to inflict pain and humiliation to further gain more power is what the super states are all for.

Do read this dystopian novel that provides window to look into future political scenery!

“Your flight got delayed…..”

“Mam please visit the Transfer Desk, go straight and take first left turn and then through elevators, you can reach there and get information as flight is delayed for another two hours”, said by elegantly dressed official at Care Point at one of the International Airports. Ataturk Airport is the biggest airport in Turkey by total number of passengers, destinations served and aircraft movements. Opened in 1924 on the European side of the city, it is 24 km (15 mi) west of the city centre and functions as the main hub for Turkish Airlines. One has to be mindful of the fact that Istanbul is witnessing increased traffic rush at more quick pace than one can expect. It served near 57 million passengers in 2014, making it the 13th busiest airport in the world in terms of total passenger traffic and the 9th busiest in the world in terms of international passenger traffic. It was Europe’s 3rd busiest airport just after London Heathrow, Paris Charles de Gaulle and ahead of Frankfurt Airport in 2015. Indeed it is a large airport but constructed with poor planning where engineers and developers forgot that if flights will be delayed, then how they will cope with increasing number of passengers as there are less number of waiting chairs for them.

After waiting fifteen minutes in the queue at the counter, someone finally guided me. In his grey attire and blue tie, with nonchalant attitude, he guided me in such a way that I have no option left to follow his guidance as it was already 02am and my flight was delayed for almost six hours. There were no announcements made of delays rather every time, passengers have to visit flights boards to get updated information for their respective flights timings and number.   Finally with all my baggage is small trolley, I moved to elevators and pressed level 01 to reach transfer desk. Following signs and passing through security checks, when I finally got there, I saw young man who was unable to communicate either in English or any language that he has to be there as his mother is not feeling well.

“My mother is sick, she is dying and my family is waiting for me. I wanted to meet her as this is 15 years since I met her”, Please tell me why I should pay visa fee again when flight is delayed?”.

Observing all this from another side, I could feel his pain and offered him if I can communicate with counter to let them explain your misery. After detailed chat, officials from this airline, made him as priority passenger and offered him to get into connected flights as all flights to his destination were cancelled.

“Thank you sister, I will never forget this gratitude of yours. Please pray that I can be able to meet my mother on time before she closed her eyes. I know she is waiting for me. I am her only son”.

You will definitely meet her and she will be fine, don’t worry”, I said with prayers in my heart to divinity to make his travel be safe to meet his mother.

Coming back to the objective of reaching here at Transfer Desk so that they can offer me hotel stay as this is already mid-night and it was extremely tiring for me to wait since 3pm afternoon.

“I have been referred here from Care Point to Transfer Desk, can you kindly let me know what can be the next steps to reach airport hotel”, I asked  with tiredness back in my mind as I really would like to lie down somewhere to take some short nap before my flight gets announced.

“We are sorry Mam, we cannot offer any service except food voucher as Turkish Airline doesn’t have policy for airport hotel stay” The man said at the counter. Frustrated by his response but trying to calm myself down.

“Then can you please ask your Care Point to be aware of this policy because all the way from 2nd floor, we passengers were guided to visit transfer desk to be provided with this service”.

I said with some annoyance in my voice but trying to control my wrath.

“We are sorry Mam”, he replied knowing lack of capacities of airline staff. Sometimes I think word sorry is also been used rather misused for entire problems that human beings face on this planet as a cover to wash oneself from feeling of guilt. Once again after passing through all security check posts, passport check, finally I reach at waiting lounge. While settling down, I saw young girls sitting next to me with tense facial expressions and slight tears in her eyes as if they are just preparing themselves to roll down from her blue eyes.

“Hi, my name is Fahmida, what’s your name and where are you heading?”  I asked her to sooth her as I felt that she was traveling alone.

Yasmin, my name is Yasmin, am going to Chicago and look flight has been delayed for 10 hours. I have been at airport since morning but thank God now flight is after thirty minutes” .

She said with some hope in her eyes but as if she was still not sure whether her flight will be on time or not as this was twice that delay flight announcement was made.

“So what are your doing, I mean working in Istanbul or graduating from here?”

I asked her to divert her attention and also to pass some time which I was feeling as if every minute is getting heavier on me. Imagine a person without having a sleep for 48 hours, even at times; I felt my mind stopped working.

“I am an engineer in one of the telecom company here in Istanbul”.

She replied but again there was something in her eyes that retains here tears not to roll down.

“That’s great to know that women are coming into this sector. I always love to see women progressing in their lives”. she nodded on my response.

Then we discussed various subjects including politics, careers, astrology and finally I remembered when she said, “I deal with machines and you deal with human beings, two different worlds, two different audiences, but am glad that we met”.

Flight to Chicago AI350 is ready to depart, passengers are requested to please keep your passports and boarding passes for security check”

An announcement was made that brought us to end of our discussion and we say good bye to each other. While holding book in my hand, I kept wondering that how our souls meet with different time and space with different other souls from different planets but one thing I couldn’t ask from her was that why she was having tear in her eyes and her nose was slightly pinkish red. I started making speculations and then I remember that I was reading inclusive and extractive political economies of different countries since their independence. I usually carry book with me to read while travelling, this time it was “Why Nations Fail” by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson. I delved myself again into past pages of history until I heard an announcement that now my flight is ready for boarding and to my loved ones back in my country. I consider myself as richest person on this planets because of having preciously loving people in my life.

I enjoy traveling as this will always provide with an opportunity to interact with different people from different culture, backgrounds and baggage from their lives. Although Air travel is a advantageous experience, but then when it goes not as per plan, it becomes stressful specifically in a situations like unexpected delays and cancellations occur due to weather, mechanical malfunctions, strikes and other reasons beyond your control. This is the reality of air travel, and by remaining calm, flexible and patient, you can build a constructive response that will help you to keep your cool and reach your destination as quickly as possible.

 

 

Of dreams and Love, Istanbul- Travelogue

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Looking down from seventh floor of my hotel in Sisle, Istanbul (city of dreams & love) nonchalant people from different walk of life were limbs trotting to reach wherever their terminus were, seems like as they were unable to bear the cruelty of Theoi Ouranioi under the command of Zeus and Hera. This is 2pm and while holding a cup of coffee in my cold hands to warm them in -5 degree celsius temperature, looking outside from casement, I witnessed heavy snow (indeed for the first time in my life to such an extent) bracing rather engulfing roads, buildings, shops, vehicles and people, I was enthralled to see how deity of nature can really influence people behaviors, their attires, cultures, shopping attitudes and overall their lifestyle.

It was 16 January (07 days before coming to Istanbul), I was not sure whether I am supposed to head to Istanbul or not as there was such an important powwow of 05 days planned by Global Fund for AIDS TB and Malaria to address problems faced by HIV positive people. But then Atrox Fortuna wrote something else for me and that was me to participate in such pertinent dialogue that will bring changes in lives of those who need us. I packed and flew to Istanbul finally for seven days. There is something undefined in air of Istanbul that makes one feel so deeply touched with its architecture, culture, history, art and people.

Deep in my thoughts, the doorbell suddenly rang and someone from housekeeping took me out of that trance of where I was writing my travelogue. Now the snow has stopped swimming across the waves of sky and sun took its face out of nebulous heavy,  hazy, & cloudy mood and it was quiet everywhere only that I could hear voices of vehicles moving, made me think what Turkey is, how Istanbul became what it is today and then I delved myself into pages of past.

The name of Turkey can be divided into two components: the ethnonym “Türk” and the abstract suffix –“iye” meaning “owner”, “land of” or “related to” (originally derived from the Greek and Latin suffixes –ia  and later from the corresponding Arabic suffix iyya in Turkiyya (تركيا).). Currently Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Syria and Iraq to the south; Iran, Armenia, and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the east; Georgia to the northeast; Bulgaria to the northwest; and Greece to the west. Starting from the late 13th century, the Ottomans united Anatolia and created an empire encompassing much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, becoming a major power in Eurasia and Africa during the early modern period. The empire reached the peak of its power between the 15th and 17th centuries, especially during the 1520–66 reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. After the second Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1683 and the end of the Great Turkish War in 1699, the Ottoman Empire entered a long period of decline.  Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage. The country’s official language is Turkish, a Turkic language spoken natively by approximately 85 percent of the population. According to the World Factbook and Wikipedia, 70–75 percent of the population is ethnic Turks, while the Kurds are the largest minority at 18%. The vast majority of the population is Sunni Muslim, with Alevis making up the largest religious minority. Turkey is a member of the UN, NATO, OECD, OSCE, OIC and the G-20. After becoming one of the first members of the Council of Europe in 1949, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995 and started full membership negotiations with the European Union in 2005.

Turkey’s growing economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional power. Going back to the history, in 1453 A.D. Sultan Faith Mehmet II conquers Constantinople killing Constantine XI and ending the Eastern Roman Empire. 8 week battle is added by treason when one of the City gates is opened. After one year, 1454 A.D. First Ottoman Royal Residence built where Istanbul University sits today called Eski Palace (Old Palace).  Grand Bazaar starts being combined under one roof. One of the most spectacular bazaar. In 1459 A.D. Ottoman’s take Yoros Fortress back from the Greeks and in 1460-1478 A.D. Topkapi Palace & now museum and Harem built over former Greek Acropolis to replace Eski Palace. Now where are all religious and sacred relics are preserved including Asa Moosa, swords of all great battle fighters, turban of Hazrat Yousaf, Kaaba keys, Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) swords, clothes, old Quran and others breath taking old sacred things that one heard during childhood times. In 1481 A.D. Ottoman power grows to control all of modern Turkey, areas around the Black Sea and Greece and after 11 years, in 1492 the Ottomans welcome the Jews to settle in Istanbul. In 1517 A.D. Hagia Sophia turned into a Mosque. Wow what a unique combination of both religions at one site to look at, first the church, then mosque and now museum. Moving on in 1517 A.D. Ottomans Conquer Egypt and much of North Africa and the big parts of the Middle East shortly after.  In 1616 A.D. Sultan Ahmet builds Blue Mosque over Byzantine Grand Palace in just 7 years. One should definitely visit this mosque to look into architecture. In 1853 A.D. Sultan moves royal Palace from Topkapi Palace to Dolmabahçe Palace. Amazing to note that 1869 A.D. first tram in new town was introduced for better transport facilities and providing commuting services to citizen. Turkey is a delight, and I’m not talking about just the famous candy of similar name. Vibrant and historic at the same time modernizing its structure and cleaning up its act in every sense of the word. Turkey is even getting richer, as was evident when Forbes magazine released its list of billionaires recently. Turkey came in 8th in nations boasting such lucky people, with 21, in fact. The country has certainly improved in its tourism infrastructure over the years that I have been visiting, introducing new hotels & international chains. One can find StarBucks Coffee McDonald, Burger King etc but strangely despite being its metropolitan nature, English language on boards, banners are hard to find in Istanbul. This is a place at once exotic (think mosques, minarets and monthly dances of the Whirling Dervishes) and secure (as in a working democracy, an educated population and near self-sufficiency in food, among other values).

Certainly, Istanbul is safe, with police everywhere, and security procedures at important museums, even at hotel entrances.  I flew to Istanbul on Turkish Airlines, which was really nice – the food was not bad, and they handed out menus beforehand so you would know the options and sides with each. They had TVs in the seats with games and a flight cam! It was a long flight from Islamabad of six hours 20 minutes but then due to foggy and snowy weather, deity of nature didn’t allow us to land before seven hours.

The next four days we had meeting from 9am till 7pm leaving no time to go except for short walk and dining out. We were graced with half day off after a week-long consultation that provided us with an opportunity to go out and explore the beauty of this city that has so many secrets in its historical heart. I went to all top 10 places that once should visit while being in Istanbul including cruising on Bosphorus River that divides one heart into two pieces of Europe and Asia. I took the public transit ferry across the Bosphorus to Kadiköy!  This is symbolically a ride from Europe to Asia, as the Bosphorus Strait divides the two continents at this point.  Cold breeze makes one feel out of this world while being on cruise. Experiencing passing under the Bosphorus bridge is breath taking while looking at Maiden’s Tower. Simple wow is a word that can explain the entire air of being into it.

After that, it was a turn of Hagia Sophia. There was already no que so admission was quick. Fee is 30 Turkish lira, about 12 Euro, completely necessary for maintenance of old sites and nothing could hinder my appreciation of the Hagia Sophia.  It was amazing. Any part that isn’t covered in painted patterns is covered in mosaics. Then I went to Blue Mosque and Sultan Ahment Palace Mosque and the Grand Bazaar, an incredible maze of shops. It was really fun to check out all the stuff and feel the atmosphere. I then visited Topkapi Museum and was amazed looking at Harems and palaces they had in those times.  I was freezing after walking around the palace grounds and found all those sacred Islamic relics. Next evening, got a chance to visit Taskim Square through metro. It was really interesting experience of buying Istanbul Card, get it charged and then you can use it for bus, tram and metro. Rode it from Sisli Metro, an underground funicular rail, up to Taskim and walked toward the famous Taksim Square. I stopped at a börek joint just for tea and ended up getting börek too since everyone else was eating it and it looked (and was) really good. Then I ducked into an arcade and ended up buying some evil eyes and Istanbul magnets for friends and myself. Also bought famous Lukum, known as Turkish Delights. The word Taksim means “division” or “distribution”. The Taksim square was originally the point where the main water lines from the north of Istanbul were collected and branched off to other parts of the city (hence the name.) This use for the area was established by Sultan Mahmud I. The square takes its name from the Ottoman era stone reservoir which is located in this area.

Then I went to Galata Tower. The nine-story tower is 66.90 meters tall and was the city’s tallest structure when it was built.  There is a restaurant and café on its upper floors which command a magnificent view of Istanbul and the Bosphorus. Also located on the upper floors is a night club which hosts a Turkish show. There are two operating elevators that carry visitors from the lower level to the upper levels. In 1875, during a storm, the conical roof on the top of the building was destroyed. The tower remained without this conical roof for the rest of the Ottoman period. Many years later, during the restoration works between 1965 and 1967, the conical roof was reconstructed. During this final restoration in the 1960s, the wooden interior of the tower was replaced by a concrete structure and it was commercialized and opened to the public.

Tomorrow, am heading back to Pakistan but then it was indeed memorable visit to Istanbul this time after seven years and much has been changed. People and young generation are much fast forward as compare to previous years when I visited. Turkey is progressing indeed. People on streets are so respectful as compare to those underdeveloped or developing countries. I also experienced that whenever they found that I am from Pakistan, they really treated me as being from their own country. I found people speaking more Turkish and Arabic which for me was amazing. Arabic is now been taught in universities and they are found fluent in it. One need much more time to unlock the spectacular history, art, culture of Harem and queens, old city vs. new city, food, behaviors of this amazing Istanbul. One can write several books and novels while explaining Istanbul. I wish I could Elif Shafaq who wrote “40 rules of Love” and “Bastards of Istanbul”. There is much to write but in nutshell, Istanbul is my dream city and I really would like to live my retirement life.

 

 

 

Bankgok: Travelogue

Bangkok, the city deriving it names of being situated as a village on stream or an island, is a restless & happening city of 8.2 million population, hosting around 26.5 million visitors annually.  Scratch Bangkok’s surface and you’ll find a city with mega-malls minutes from 200-year-old homes, with temples sharing space with neon-lit strips of sleaze, and where streets lined with food carts are overlooked by restaurants perched on skyscrapers. The city of absolute concrete, where infrastructure took away natural beauty from its face and best of all, as Bangkok races towards the future, these quirks will continue to supply the city with its unique brand of Thai-ness.

History of Bangkok dates back to 15th century to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom. But modernization entered into this village located onto stream somewhere during 19th century after political struggle and abolishing of absolute monarchy.  They adopted constitutional rule and underwent numerous coups and uprisings. During 1980s and 1990s, very many multinational companies started locating their HQs in Bangkok.  It is an international hub for transport and health care (even I saw Police Nursing School) , and is emerging as a regional centre for the arts, fashion and entertainment. The city is known for its vibrant street life and cultural landmarks, as well as its notorious red-light districts. Wondering whether this is planned city or not but once thing is sure that Bangkok’s rapid growth amidst little urban planning and regulation has resulted in a haphazard cityscape. Limited roads, despite an extensive expressway network covering left part of the city, together with substantial private car usage, Tuk Tuk, have resulted in chronic and crippling traffic congestion and one can get stuck in traffic for good two hours just to cover 2 KMs. This in turn caused severe air pollution in the 1990s and I saw very many people wearing masks on road.

After 05 hours trip from Lahore to Bangkok I finally reached my hotel and this time it was very different as I was about to become guest of this city for 11 good days. The moment I step out of airport, the warm air hit me as if someone has blown hairdryer onto my face immediately and was a welcome change from the cold and dreary winter in Pakistan. It took me almost two and a half hours to reach hotel from busy expressway and upon reaching I came to know that my room is not yet ready that further added my tiredness and sleeplessness (as I took flight in midnight from Lahore). Well after two hours, finally I got into my room and then went out to explore the unknown paths of this land, just to be myself and have some time for reflection as to make this city so happening yet people are serene. While one walks on street, you may find people expressing themselves affectionately without any stigma and fear. No one is bother about anyone as if these people are so humble that they are only concerned about themselves.

I went outside for shopping at differemt places from Limpuni to Siam and the Mochit and explored this city of sleepless soul. The moment one steps out of hotel, It’s a familiar smell…at least, for anyone who’s been to Bangkok. A musty mix of chilli, lime and fish sauce made by street vendors pierces through the humid air. I am half intoxicated by the smell, half terrified by the thought of unrefrigerated meats being pushed around in wheelie-carts and the potential effects on my sensitive Semitic digestive system.  One thing that I noticed in Bangkok is that everyone is selling something in Thailand. Apart from the obvious for sale, food, bags, clothes, electrical goods, etc, I have also seen lady boys and people selling themselves on the street. Shopping in Thailand turns the most experienced shopper into a miserly bargain-hunting penny-pincher, intent on getting a deal. I have seen very many documentaries, transgendered and gay people say they always knew their sexuality from an early age. And why not, heterosexual people do too. But the ladyboy population here is so high it is a bit of a phenomenon. And I begin to think that maybe there is a cultural element at work here, a herd mentality of following a trend. I ask my Thai friend who tells me that she spoke to one of these ladyboys once, who told her he became a woman because of how badly his father treated his mother, and was ashamed to be a man.  But this is how people identify themselves and they have right to do so. We have to respect for whatever sexual and gender identity they would like to affiliate with. It’s their life and they have the right to live the way they want.

While the underbelly of Thailand is the street vendor, the sex worker and the poverty, Bangkok is also a very cosmopolitan city, with a vivacious nightlife of sophisticated hotel bars and middleclass Thai girls and people from outside mixing it up. While looking at the social behaviours, I was putting different lens of social, political and economic angels to see how societies evolve when tourism is increased and when very many people from different cultures and civilizations get chance to amalgamate.

We also experienced BTS sky train. It was raining when I first had this beautiful experience and weather suddenly turn so pleasant that I can see cold breeze passing by people’s faces and changing moods of people and passengers. I can see happiness on their faces. Air was full of relax and calm environment which in turn made me so happy and serene that I wanted these moments to get freeze by some Time Machine but all good moments pass so quickly that human beings feel so helpless by the hand of cruel nature.  In the train, I kept on observing people, people with calm and relax faces, as if there is no stress no wrinkles on the face of their lives, making me wonder what makes people in Pakistan so hyper and panicky. Thai people are humble might so be because of Buddhist influence of religion. A notable social norm holds that touching someone on the head may be considered rude. It is also considered rude to place one’s feet at a level above someone else’s head, especially if that person is of higher social standing. This is because the Thai people consider the foot to be the dirtiest and lowliest part of the body, and the head the most respected and highest part of the body. This also influences how Thais sit when on the ground, their feet always pointing away from others, tucked to the side or behind them. Pointing at or touching something with the feet is also considered rude. Since a serene disposition is valued, conflict and sudden displays of anger are eschewed in Thai culture and it often happen during recent political volatile situation in capital. There are a number of Thai customs relating to the special status of monks in Thai society. Thai monks are forbidden physical contact with women. Women are therefore expected to make way for passing monks to ensure that accidental contact does not occur.

After taking BTS from Taskin till Mochit, I went back to Siam and here I saw Siam Central and Paragon having huge markets and multinational brands. One can find Star Bucks, Mc Donald and international brands after every 15 minutes on either side of road which shows that how these brands look towards Thailand as emerging market where purchasing power is higher due to tourist industry. Since I was feeling hungry so found some good places like Food Republic to find food as per taste buds. I was bit reluctant to take risk so ended up having plain rice with stir fried chicken with cashew nuts. After having dinner, how it can be possible not to check out sticky rice with mango to satisfy sweet tooth so took one as well but later on feeling guilty as not to balance out calories for the day. After having dinner, I took taxi from Siam to reach Silom and then I took “flying saucer” to reach my destination.

One week passed while attending the Regional Consultation on GFATM and then having lovely interactions with Regional colleagues who are of great support. And once that got over, I found one day in between to explore the city again before my training on #HRBA for development programming by UNSSC started, so we started exploring city and this time I was joined by my colleagues Masooma Butt and Rizwana Komal

For me it’s always a sense of joy to find your friends abroad and specifically when they are from same country. Going out and spending time together and dining together make people understand each other.  I must say that traveling is a great source of learning and one can become humble, tolerant and at the same time feels so empowered that it gives sense of power to apply and replicate some good practices in ones own country. This city is amazing indeed. Training is still going on till 10th December which is Human Right Defenders Day and I believe that all the values of human rights that we as people of United Nations follow should also apply in our own lives. This city of Bangkok makes you learn that as well as how to be neutral, non-discriminatory, how to believe in giving respect and how to be inclusive of all. These past 09 days, I have seen no single person shouting on any other person, not insulting any other person. Once can feel so secure and safe while moving on roads of this unexplored city that women, specifically feel no one staring at them no matter whatever attire they are in, no security or conflicts are heard. May this city be serene forever. Journey is still going on so will share more updates later as well. Till then, take care.

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SEEDING CHAOS THROUGH LATE TESTIMONY BY MARK SEIGEL – WHO WAS BEHIND THE ASSASSINATION OF BENAZIR BHUTTO?

I keep on asking these questions on my twitter handle and actually no one responded as to why suddenly Mark Seigel agreed to record his testimony after good long 08 years of assassination of Benazir Bhutto?  While studying some aspect of criminal psychology, this question always ponders me that many political assassinations which remain unsolved to this day are surrounded by unanswered questions due to the fact that either evidence got tampered or these were simply manipulated for larger interest. Even in cases where the alleged assassin was identified, there can still be suspicious elements which make one question the official original and classified story.  Then history turns its page and brings new evidence that again question the entire event, reopening the whole Pandora box to look into facts from new lens after very many years where human memory even doesn’t remember what actually happened?

While going through old stories that appeared in different national and international newspaper, I was just wondering how media polarized the whole public opinion by twisting the facts and circumstantial events pertaining to such political murders where one remains always confused as to who get benefit of such assassinations. In Benazir Bhutto ‘s assassination case, one article that appeared in Global Research.CA appeared very interesting to me and i.e., http://www.globalresearch.ca/anglo-american-ambitions-behind-the-assassination-of-benazir-bhutto-and-the-destabilization-of-pakistan/7699

Certain questions that keeps disturbing me, need to be answered to solve the mystery:

  1. Who murdered Benazir Bhutto?
  2. Who get the most benefit out of it?
  3. Who forced BB to get out of vehicle and wave at the rally supporters?
  4. Why “death will” came after BB’s murder where if such document was available earlier, she could have mentioned that as well? who wrote the will?
  5. Why the crime scene was not protected to collect evidences as the way it was required? Who washed the blood stains from the crime scene?
  6. Where are all the interceptions of calls made by BB, AAZ, PM, Rehman Malik and others telephone records?
  7. Why our police deliberately botched the investigation into Bhutto’s assassination. Some police officials did not even execute their professional duties as vigorously as they should have?
  8. Why Bait-Ullah Mehsud claimed that he killed BB and who he represented at that time?
  9. What was international interest in assassination of BB?
  10. Why Mark Seigel didn’t record his testimony earlier and why now? Specifically when PPP and ARMY are not on good terms these days? Does it mean pacifying the armed forces because of possible operation and crack down after MQM?
  11. If his testimony was of so much importance then why it was not recorded at that time? If he was close friend who got all her emails? Then why didn’t her share those at time of need? One cannot over rule the fact that might be Musharraf have warned BB rather threatening her? He might would like to sincerely save her from possible threats that he was seeing through his political presence in the country which was beyond even imagination of BB?
  12. What was Taliban factor in all this? Was it to prove that Pakistan needs US support to demilitarize Taliban that can give justification for US presence in the region for a long time game plan to contain China?

In the end, I can only say that unfortunately the judicial system in Pakistan or rather in this entire South Asian region is so weak that one keeps on wondering whether these courts and prosecutors are capable of handling these cases? Are their eyes open enough to see all the dimensions in these cases? See the conviction rate in this country and decide yourself. Why political murders always remain unsolved or these are determined to remain unsolved so that showing of cards can be kept with political time and space to cash upon these? I consider this late testimony as seeding the chaos into political upcoming stability of Pakistan because for me, on the political chess, thing that matter is a TIME! and time of this testimony makes it very dubious.

Who watches the watchdog? Need for Media Ombudsperson

It often ponders me that those who talk about accountability, who are holding them accountable? Who scrutinizes the scrutinizers? Who watches the watchdog? These questions come to my mind when during very many discussions at grass root level, general public is found frustrated, depressed and often found with high blood pressure the way media is reporting these days without any ethical consideration, showing pictures of blasts and massacres, twisting stories and more importantly criticizing state institutions without giving a second thought how this can have damaging or demonizing effect on overall image of the country. Question is where is media accountability? Who will hold media accountable? These are some question, on which I will be deliberating as to what can be done.

Media, no doubt holds 4th important pillar of state but that means, with greater role, greater responsibility also come. Even at the best of times, and in countries with long democratic traditions, researches shows that relations between government and the press are generally edgy. There is always a story behind a story and sometimes it’s not necessary that where is a smoke, there is always a fire but unfortunately, often media portray and sensationalize matter in such a way that distort the story in another way, resulting in creating confusions in minds of viewers and readers.

Media, in my opinion play a role of that pivotal bridge between government and public which can either build trust or completely destroy it. Role of state and society should be towards bringing betterment and development of country and safeguarding national security. More recently, the rise of the Internet has forced journalists all over the world to take note of critics who can blog; tweet or post comments on media sites that challenge the facts and the fairness of what the journalists or anchors have produced. This outpouring of opinions has made clear that general public is eager to be part of the news process because of political awareness that has been generated rather increased since last year due to Imran Khan’s dharnas, most often to criticize but also, in many cases, to offer thoughtful observations or suggestions by intellectuals and thinking minds of this country which are hardly few.

Now here is media, whose role is to bridge the gap between government and general public, when itself gets criticism on taking positions either right or left, creating a demand and need of “Media Ombudsperson”. While media institutions see themselves, and are generally seen by the public, as important in strengthening democratic institutions, governments very often see them as a threat to order, misunderstanding freedom of speech connotation. Thus, it can be argued, that the most important role Media Ombudsperson can play in the developing world specifically Pakistan, is as of fair & neutral-minded judges who at the same time are defenders of press freedom. The role of media Ombudsperson can be examined as a connection between the media and government; between ombudsmen and the public; and relations between ombudsmen and the newsroom.

The issue of the ombudsman’s role in strengthening democracy has also been addressed by Brazil’s first ombudsman, Caio Tulio Cost “to introduce a citizen service in a country where citizenry is not a full-scale idea, it is a diffuse desire and a distant prospect[1].”

For a time being suppose that some viewers or reader are uncomfortable or find any report, news or article as unethical that has either been published or shown on television, or you are unhappy with your newspaper or television so where to call? So where to complain being consumer? So question rises is there is any complaint redressal mechanism? World over, media are criticized for inaccurate or unethical reporting or practices. Especially governments, public institutions and individual office bearers like to accuse journalists of being unprofessional, often when they become the target of public criticism and media scrutiny. Media experts practitioners point out on different occasions that statutory bodies like PEMRA whose members are appointed by government lack the respect of the media fraternity and lack neutrality and transparency. So in this situation need of Media Ombudsperson is more crucial to be discussed because decisions made by peers are more respected and hence more effective than those made by outsiders. Unprofessional and unethical reporting to varying degrees is a reality. However, the reluctance of the powers that be to accept legitimate criticism is equally a reality. The challenge is to find a mechanism of media regulation that addresses real problems in media ethics, while protecting freedom of expression and ensuring that the media can do their job without being harassed. Media can only survive if it is seen credible so there is a dire need to have accountable mechanisms like Media Ombudsperson which can be trusted by public and government both. To conclude, if the media keeps a tighter rein on ethics, government will have less reason to suggest introducing restrictive laws but this is a compelling argument which needs debate at larger scale for media policies and regulations.

[1] http://www.fesmedia-africa.org/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/Giving_the_public_a_say/Giving_the_public_a_say__English_online.pdf

Chinese dream of “Asian Order” and it’s Foreign Policy

For the past many days, I am trying to read and analyze factors that compel China to invest in Pakistan with this huge amount of USD 46bn, which is almost double of total Foreign Direct Investment. For me it is not Pakistan, rather it is China’s dream for Asian Order through balanced foreign policy in South Asia region which is now shifting from more core interests to economic interests. Recent statements made by Chinese President during his visit to Pakistan, signals Beijing’s new conciliatory thinking. Nonetheless, in terms of strategy, China is balancing India by supporting Pakistan that appears to be the corner stone of its regional policy. For me, it seems China is aiming to spread its wings on the skies of Asia to increase its power as an economic hegemony, which will ultimately benefit its national interest.

Have a close deeper reflection and analysis of Chinese President’s visit to New Delhi in September 2014 and Islamabad in April 2015. When it comes to South Asia, people think of India and Pakistan first. China has an “all weather friendship” with Pakistan but an ambivalent, often testy relationship with India. But the future is sometimes different from both the past and the present. In India, he pointed towards South Asia becoming the new growth pole powering the economy in Asia and even the world, stated that “a peaceful, stable and prosperous South Asia conforms to China’s interests. China is willing to align its development strategies with those of South Asian countries to achieve mutually beneficial development and common prosperity”. By investing in India and Pakistan, China is aiming to lessen US influence and dependence in this region.

Now looking at China and India, both have similar positions on a number of issues, including their stances toward Syria, Russia’s involvement in Ukraine, and the need to protect the interests of developing countries. Together with Russia, these three countries have formed a kind of triangular relationship. These three countries already work together in the BRICS organization; now India is getting ready to join the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). These are some concrete foundations on which China and India will work together as major powers.

Unlike India, Pakistan facing internal and external terrorism due to its geo-strategic location, is not enjoying that strategic positioning in international affairs due to its limited capabilities on the political chess of world order. But Pakistan has very deep strategic positioning at regional level and China has tried to create balance in region by containing India diplomatically by intensifying bilateral relations with Pakistan. China’s interest to reach into Middle East and Central Asia, establishing transit routes and tackling terrorism at large is key to its foreign policy. At the same time, Pakistan is becoming more important to China due to the frequent occurrence of terrorist attacks in west China. Pakistan plays a bigger role in fighting terrorism than India, and Chinese leaders believe that terrorism will become a major obstacle for China in developing its western regions.This formed the foundation for China to form a strategic alliance with Pakistan since 1970s onwards.

With China extending it’s helping hand to Pakistan (not clear whether loan, grant or aid) in infrastructure development and economic prosperity, it is foreseen and hoped that not only USA but also other important members of the international community will support Pakistan’s objective of regional balance and strategic stability in South Asia . Whereas worrisome part for India is China’s vigorously pursuing the “One Belt and One Road” project, of which the proposal of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is part. An extensive China-led funding infrastructure, the project, as being assessed, could shift the center of geo-economic power towards Eurasia, and undermine the “Asia Pivot” of the United States and its allies[1], widely perceived by China as the central plank to contain it. In sum, the project conveys a firm message to Asian nations- China will use its growing power to reshape economic and security arrangements in the region.

China’s foreign policy is a translation of Chinese dream of creating Asian Order that needs deeper analysis rather one off visits of Chinese President to India and Pakistan. We need to read China’s National Rejuvenation that is the strategic vision. President Xi incisively summarized this strategy in the connotations of a “new type of major-country relations” into three points: namely, no conflict or confrontation, mutual respect and cooperation and win-win. It reminds me of Henry Kissinger’s recent book “World Order” where United States has this perception, approach and strategy to rule the world through preaching democratic values. He defines world order as “the concept held by a region or civilization about the nature of just arrangements and the distribution of power thought to be applicable to the entire world” whereas Chinese dream of Asian Order lies in changing international and political order through National Rejuvenation Strategy that call for promoting “common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security in Asia”[2], and setting up “open and inclusive new security architecture in Asia” through neutralizing the perceived US strategy to contain China with support of regional nations, cooperating with South Asian countries in exploitation of much needed energy resources, protecting oil transport security in the Indian Ocean, aiming towards ‘One China’ policy and last but not least its enthusiasm to enter South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) on the basis of mutual advantage and whether one likes or not, China will increase its economic influence in South Asia.

Politically, China is already accepted as an internationally important country, one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council and a major voice within the existing international order, now aiming to dream for Asian Order. Long way to go!

[1] http://www.eurasiareview.com/27042015-chinese-president-xi-jinpings-south-asia-policy-implications-for-india-analysis/

[2] http://www.ciis.org.cn/english/2014-03/11/content_6733151.htm

Book review: World Order by Henry Kissinger

I finished this book during my recent travel to Kabul. “World Order” authored by Henry Kissinger and reviewed by Anne- Marie Slaughter got published in Penguin Books: This is for those who are interested in history and American Foreign Policy and how they see world from their point of view! A must read book for those who understand theories of politics. Kissinger uses his realpolitik lens (with its emphasis on balance of power, history, statesmanship, strategy, linkage, triangular diplomacy, & national interest) as a revealing prism by which to look at, Westphalia Treaty, the roots of World War I and the sources of conflict in the modern Middle East. He similarly uses his knowledge of various countries’ historical proclivities and their self-image over the centuries as a frame of reference for current developments like the Arab Spring and America’s increasingly ambivalent role on the world stage. The principle of balance of power (ensuring that no country augmented its strength to a point where it threatened to achieve hegemony) became a key to maintaining equilibrium in the Westphalian system.

She quotes that Kissinger begins “World Order” with an apparent conversion. After a lifetime steeped in the theory and practice of power politics, he begins by making an argument about justice and legitimacy. He defines world order as “the concept held by a region or civilization about the nature of just arrangements and the distribution of power thought to be applicable to the entire world.” Any successful world order rests on a “balance between legitimacy and power,” the legitimacy of “a set of commonly accepted rules that defines the limits of permissible action,” and a “balance of power that enforces restraint where rules break down.” Power is necessary, but it is not sufficient.

This dual concept of world order provides the framework for the most interesting and original parts of the book. The twin pillars of power and legitimacy allow Kissinger to examine multiple civilizations and to distill their distinct concepts of world order. Europe before the European Union is the easy one, as it is the source of the Westphalian world order that Kissinger reveres, which “remains the scaffolding of international order such as it now exists.” The various treaties that ultimately ended the Thirty Years War and became known as the Peace of Westphalia established “the concept of state sovereignty” and the equality of all states capable of participating in a “pluralistic international order,” regardless of the nature of their domestic arrangements. Kissinger places great faith in the Westphalian embrace of “multiplicity,” allowing a system based on a sovereign state to draw “a variety of multiple societies … into a common search for order.”

Kissinger writes of world order as the concept of just arrangements and the distribution of power held by an individual civilization and “thought to be applicable to the entire world.” He defines “international order” as “the practical application of these concepts to a substantial part of the globe—large enough to affect the global balance of power.” But these are orders that are imagined and implemented by states. The twenty-first century will require a global order, which will need to be acceptable not only to states but also to the vast majority of the world’s people.

Kissinger concludes the book with a short section titled “Where Do We Go from Here?” arguing that a “reconstruction of the international system is the ultimate challenge of statesmanship in our time.” He turns once again to the statesman’s favorite tool for establishing world order: the balance of power. The actual balance of power must be accompanied by a “common recognition of the limits of accepted conduct”—the legitimacy component of world order.

Shifting balance of power in Asia: US and Russian Interests

Looking ahead from ten years onwards to the year 2025, keeping in mind recent visit of Barack Obama to India, it reflects the mindset of West that sees India as a major power in South Asia with clear development prospects from their own national interests, while Pakistan is a regionally important country for them facing an uncertain economic future. Thinking of Global and South Asian Order, the future is sometimes different from both the past and the present. China & Russian has to take this into consideration. It’s also in China’s interests to maintain friendly relations with Pakistan, both to promote diplomatic relations in South Asia and to fight terrorism. When it comes to South Asia, people think of India and Pakistan first. China has friendly relations with Pakistan but an ambivalent, often testy relationship with India. Moving forward, which country is more important for China? Even without a clear answer, just puzzling through this question can help make many issues clear.

The strategic policy of China towards Pakistan is a complex synergy of at least three geopolitical ideas: a) restraining the political Islam influence, b) Containment of Indian role in South Asia Order, and c) the ‘gentle replacement’ of the U.S. out of the South and Central Asia.

Does the development of Sino-Pakistan relations affect the interests of Russia? It seems that the answer would be yes, and there are two reasons for it. The increasing complexity of the geopolitical ‘equation’ in the region fits the long-term interests of the Russian Federation, since the struggle for peace in Central Asia, figuratively speaking, begins in Pakistan. Secondly, the most significant variable in this exercise is not what happens outside its borders, but rather what happens within them. Russia’s security contributions to South Asia will be most dependent upon the Russian economy’s organization and performance. Currently a great deal depends on oil prices. A sustained drop in the price of oil below $45 per barrel will have a profoundly debilitating impact on the Russian economy, drastically curtailing its aspirations of military modernization and expansion thoughts in the region. It also would hinder efforts to subsidize security in Central Asia, including Russia’s efforts to re-integrate the post-Soviet space. Even in the relatively high current oil price environment, the Russian economy is experiencing stagnant growth of less than 2 percent. A prolonged considerably lower oil price environment will threaten the foundation of the existing Russian political economy and state with potentially grave consequences for all.

Russia is pursuing a multi-pronged policy in South Asia in response to shifting geopolitical realities, including the post-2014 security situation;

  • Russia is looking for new markets for defense exports and Pakistan is a prospective buyer;
  • Russia is also now eying towards Pakistan’s assistance in controlling domestic Muslim insurgents in Russia;
  • Russia is expanding its leadership role in both its immediate sphere of influence and beyond, including in South Asia;
  • Russia is seeking to check U.S. influence in that sphere of influence and beyond.

The United States is now playing a dangerous game which could lead to war. Beijing is asserting its new military might; and Washington is accepting the challenge. This is clearly reflected in recent visit by head of United States. For them who serve best of their interests. The answer is relatively simple, India. When it comes to international influence, India is part of BRICS and the G20 and is a leader of the developing world through the G77. The answer often researched widely in different articles, is even more obvious from the economic perspective. According to the World Bank, India’s GDP in 2013 was roughly $1.9 trillion. By contrast, Pakistan’s GDP was only $236 billion, only about 12 percent of India’s. In 2013, India was the 10th largest economy in the world in terms of GDP. India’s economy is just beginning to boom; its growth rate in 2013 was 4.5 percent. Experts believe that India today is like China in the mid-1980s, poised for rapid economic growth. Despite many difficulties, there is no reason for India’s economic growth to come to a halt. By contrast, Pakistan has not enjoyed the same type of economic growth in the past decade. The gap between two countries will probably widen in the future, placing Pakistan at even more of a disadvantage when compared with India.

At the same time, Pakistan is becoming more important to China due to the frequent occurrence of terrorist attacks in west China. Pakistan plays a bigger role in fighting terrorism than India, and Chinese leaders believe that terrorism will become a major obstacle for China in developing its western regions. Politically, China is already accepted as an internationally important country, one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council and a major voice within the existing international order. India does not seek to challenge to China’s position. On the contrary, India seeks to work with China in certain international platforms (such as G20, BRICS, and now the SCO) so as to attain greater international influence. China already plays an important role in these organizations and can help India do the same. In this sense, both countries have stronger incentives to cooperate politically.

The U.S.-Pakistan relationship deteriorated significantly due to different approaches to the fight against terrorism. China will have to be careful to avoid repeating the failure in U.S.-Pakistan relations when it comes to fighting terrorism. U.S.-Russia relations are currently worse than at any time in the post-Cold War period with the exception of the aftermath of the 2008 Georgia-Russia War. In 2009–2010, the Obama administration was successful in improving ties with Russia in a policy named the “Reset,” but in the last five years the relationship has steadily declined over issues including missile defense, Syria, human rights, and repression of domestic opposition figures in Russia. The decline in the bilateral relationship sharply accelerated in the fall of 2011 after the announcement of the return of Vladimir Putin to the Presidency and then after all Ukraine.

Afghanistan, and more broadly stability in South Asia, has been an area of considerable common interest between Russia and the United States since 9/11. Russia has serious concerns about potential instability in Afghanistan when U.S. troops withdraw. There remain possibilities for further cooperation between Russia and the United States in counter-terrorism, counter-narcotics, and possibly regional economic development, but historically Russia’s inclination toward regional cooperation with the United States conflicts with its desire to maintain hegemony in Central Asia.

In all aforementioned scenarios, Pakistan has to look into its foreign policy on war footings where it can revamp the entire approach of putting all eggs into one basket and re-think strategically to assert itself as sovereign and economically developed state that can emerge on socio-economic and political front. It’s all linked with good governance internally and externally. We have to gear up on all fronts, in all this South Asian Order to position Pakistan for future prosperity.

Oil shortage at national level & falling prices causing turmoil at global level

There are two part of my blog today, one looking at national petrol crisis and second looking at international scenario. On national front, it exposes government governance claims. One of the cited reason for the supply crunch was Finance Minister Ishaq Dar’s refusal to allow state-owned PSO to buy US dollars to make oil payments to its international supplies in December, because doing so would have reduced the country’s foreign exchange reserves below the $15 billion mark the minister was targeting. So matter lies in ill intentions of Finance Ministry and AGPR on this artificial shortage. Answer me simple question, in 05 days what happened in drastic way that increased the demands, people bought more cars, motorbikes, planes or what? After 05 days, our PM responded. Is this #democracy? Sorry I shouldn’t be asking this question because then it puts democracy in danger. We shouldn’t be asking this type of questions, because political leaders themselves don’t believe in their own country mechanisms. They are treated like Gods in God house so what you expect from them?  We have growing terrorism, do you expect that with this increasing shortage, will there be no implication on countering terrorism? What a shame that the state-owned PSO has run out of oil because it has not been paid upwards of Rs 200 billion that it is owed, making it limp and unable to purchase the necessary petrol needed to sustain the economy and the everyday workings of the people. I can foresee riots if matter is solved sooner. How can ministers responsible for this debacle be allowed to continue in this manner when an entire people has to queue for hours on end outside petrol pumps to be given rationed petrol to send their children to school, go to work and think about emergency situation at hospitals as well? Why cant they don’t understand that by telling PM that “all is well”, all is not well rather we will be confronting major power outages in coming days. Is there any government credible plan to solve the acute petrol crisis?

My second part of response is looking at international picture which makes me panic as well. World is full of potential surprises. Conflict could break out again in Libya or Iraq, which would hamper oil production. There might be conflict in Syria. China’s economy could come roaring back. Europe could suddenly rebound out of its malaise. Saudi Arabia could decide that enough is enough and cut back on production all of the sudden. Any of those things could increase prices. Some global experts think we should prepare for the inevitable price rise If history is any indication, oil prices will eventually rise again, though it could take some time. And some experts think we should be preparing for that day. The plunge in oil prices is having significant economic consequences around the world and affecting their GDP. For example #Russia which is hugely dependent on oil and gas production, with oil revenues making up 45 percent of the government budget, and the sharp fall on prices has been ruinous. #Iran economy had recently started to rebound after years of recession. IMF had been projecting that the country was on track to grow 2.3 percent next year. But that was all before oil prices started to plunge, a potentially precarious situation for the country. In #Venezuela another major oil producer, there’s growing concern that the oil crash could cause to default. The nation’s economy is heavily dependent on oil revenue is set to shrink some 3 percent this year and inflation is rampant. So somewhere these examples are also like that if you put someone on free illicit drugs, increased his demands and then suddenly come with price tag and then stop providing that drug, how will that person act? He will die sooner or later because supply has been stopped. Which countries will mostly suffer due to falling prices, Russia and Iran so what is game plan…? Think deeply!! Here is a link of interesting article based upon which I formulated by argument. http://www.vox.com/2014/12/16/7401705/oil-prices-falling

Who is leader today? Which Sharif?

If one read today’s newspaper, many argued that Nawaz Sharif has appeared as decisive leader. in my opinion, unfortunately it is not him who seems decisive leader rather a force behind him who pushed him to take this decision under the cover of APC because army has learned its lesson not to come directly in political corridors rather be at the back end to push national agenda which regretfully, our so called parliamentary and democratic political parties failed to follow. Just think that had it not been Army behind all this strategy of counter terrorism, do you think that this sham democratic government could have played its role? No a big NO is an answer. So lesson for us is that moment any space is left, there are people who grab that space but putting lot much on shoulders of army is another wrong move although there was no other option but then my question is of accountability. Which Sharif is leader today? Nawaz Sharif or Raheel Sharif? How much budget till date has been spent from our taxes on these three pillar of this political system, where are results if in the end military courts is an answer? Where is judiciary? Where is good governance? Where is Minister of Interior in all this episode? What appears on screen to us, in not a reality in actual terms. Had he been decisive leader, he would not have wasted 19 good days in building consensus rather would have taken strong actions against those who were responsible to protect those innocent lives. Being the Head of State, responsibility, in the end lies on his shoulder, where is his accountability? Under the constitution, is he not responsible to protect and secure the lives of citizens? Is this we call a state? For this day people voted? He wasted 19 days and let me also predict that more delay will happen because now Supreme Court will challenge military courts. There are so many pawns on this political chess boards, that the moment you move one in winning direction, there are others ready for check. Each move needs to be in calculated way but this time I must say, Army played its role so prudently that for me they appeared as 4th strong pillar in our set of democratic system.

I get panicky when I analyze things from logical point of view. Where are our national priorities? When internal consensus building process takes so long specifically when terrorism is strengthening its root into our culture, and where India has now started these skirmishes and our human rights organizations are silent on these violations, what we as normal citizens should do? Why at this time when military courts are in process of establishment? How we can solve these problems? This is the way we entered Divided and disconnected into 2015 which so many carried over issues and challenges at internal and external level. Now get panic the way I am right now !!!